DOS Days

15 kHz CRT Monitors

19th August 2023

 

Introduction

If you are a dabbler in DOS gaming and prefer to use a CRT instead of a modern "flat panel" LCD/LED, you might be looking for a good all-rounder CRT that supports the full frequency range employed by Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA and SVGA. In addition, these monitors will also support both digital and analogue RGB inputs, since all PC video standards prior to VGA were digital.

What we're referring to here is a monitor's ability to display at a broad range of horizontal refresh rates. This articles explores the various video display standards and the CRT monitors that can drive them.

During the heyday of DOS, we used CRT monitors - essentially these were just like televisions but without any built-in speakers and usually provided a better image quality. As the 90s drew on, technology allowed these to become much flatter and produce an incredibly bright and colourful picture at very high resolutions. Even after the first LCD flat panels arrived, CRTs still had their place due to the often dubious picture quality and scaling problems associated with LCDs at the time.

A 15 kHz monitor is also great if you are into arcade games and earlier games consoles, as most of these output a 15 kHz analogue signal.

An alternative to getting a monitor that natively supports frequencies as low as 15 kHz is to use a scan doubler such as the OSSC (Open Source Scan Converter) or similar - these can generate their own scan lines which allows a 15 kHz input signal to be output on a 31 kHz monitor which were much more common. The downside? Price of course. Scan doublers can cost as much as two or three monitors alone.

There is already a good list online of LCD monitors that can drive the older video standards, so this article is going to focus only on CRTs.

Horizontal Refresh Rate

Also called horizontal scan rate or just scan rate, this can be described as the number of times per second the electron gun can move from the left side of the screen to the right drawing a full line of pixels, and then back again to start the next line. In a nutshell, the more pixels wide the display resolution had, the more pixels need to be lit up and therefore the faster the horizontal refresh rate needs to be. Here's a quick list of the various PC graphics standards and their standard horizontal refresh rates:

Graphics Standard Resolution Horizontal Refresh Rate
MDA/MGA/Hercules 720 x 348 18.43 kHz
CGA 320 x 200 or 640 x 200 15.75 kHz or 18.43 kHz
EGA 640 x 200 or lower / 640 x 350 18.43 kHz or 21.8 kHz
VGA 640 x 480 31 kHz
SVGA (VESA) 800 x 600 35.5 kHz
SVGA (VESA) 1024 x 768 38 kHz
SVGA (VESA) 1280 x 1024 64 kHz

 

Vertical Refresh Rate

Also of great importance is a monitor's vertical refresh rate, which is the number of entire screen refreshes it can perform each second. Anything lower than around 50 or 60 Hz and the human eye will notice a flicker. An optimal vertical refresh rate is considered anything higher than 85 Hz to see zero flicker on-screen, which is much easier on the eyes. The lower the resolution being displayed, the less work the monitor has to do, so as resolutions increased so did the vertical refresh rate capability of monitors. A monitor can typically show lower resolutions at higher vertical refresh rates because there's less work to do for each individual refresh.

'Interlacing' is closely coupled with refresh rates, and is a technique of drawing all odd-numbered lines to complete the image, followed by all even-numbered lines. This gives the perception of a full image being shown at a higher frame rate, though flicker can be noticeable in interlaced modes. Interlaced mode is in contrast to 'progressive scan', which draws each line one after the other until the full screen image is drawn. CRTs can typically run in interlaced modes at a higher refresh rate (since it takes the same amount of time to complete a whole screen's set of rows) than when run in progressive scan modes. For example, at 1024 x 768 a CRT monitor might be able to run at 85 Hz in interlaced mode, but only 60 Hz in progressive scan mode. Or it could support a higher resolution such as 1280 x 1024 in interlaced mode, but only 1024 x 768 in progressive scan mode.

Digital vs Analogue

Something else to consider was that all of the IBM graphics standards prior to VGA output a digital TTL signal. With the introduction of the VGA standard in 1987 it was necessary to move to an analogue video signal to allow for an unlimited number of colours to be displayed. Some monitors could receive both a digital and analogue video signal, though as time moved on the digital input port(s) and their digital-to-analogue circuitry were eliminated from most monitors as a cost-saving measure.

VGA Card Backward-Compatibility

The vast majority of VGA cards have full backward compatibility with the earlier video display standards, but how they achieve this falls into two camps:

1) Hardware/Register-compatible - cards that are register-compatible come with the physical hardware and firmware, such as a supporting CRT controller chip, sequencer and register setup to fully work in an older graphics card standard mode. They are detected by software as if the card only supports that graphics standard in which the card's DIP switches are configured for, resulting in the card having the very best level of compatibility for that graphics standard. These kinds of video cards can usually be identified by the fact the card has both a 15-pin analogue and 9-pin digital video output port, and therefore will work with both a digital TTL or analogue monitor.

2) Emulated - Older graphics standards like CGA and EGA are emulated by the firmware on the card, and may not be 100% compatible with every graphics mode/resolution that a register-compatible card would be capable of. Most of the time you would not be able to notice any incompatibilities but stranger colour tweaks such as the CGA brown might be 'off', and software that employs techniques to exploit some oddities of these older standards may not work. Software detection of the card will always show it as a VGA card. These can usually be identified by the fact they have only a 15-pin analogue video output port and therefore will only work with a monitor that has an analogue input.

Fixed Sync vs Multi Sync

Up to and including the early Super VGA era, it was fairly common for EGA and VGA monitors to support two or three horizontal refresh rates. For example, an EGA monitor could run in 18 kHz for low-resolution EGA modes like 640 x 200, 21 kHz for high-resolution EGA modes like 640 x 350, and also 15.75 kHz for backward compatibility to the CGA standard. Likewise, VGA monitors added 31 kHz to the mix, and SVGA monitors added support for 48 kHz. These monitors were all considered "fixed sync" monitors, as they could only run at those pre-defined [fixed] frequencies.

Multi-sync monitors arrived in 1985 and could in theory be set to run at any horizontal frequency within a given range, opening up their compatibility to non-standard resolutions used by some games. These early multisync monitors took the polarity of the H-sync signal being sent by the video card to tell it what frequency to be set to. A little later, they instead measured the H-sync signal's timing to set the monitor's frequency.

Unfortunately, given the fact that technology tends to be largely forward-looking, a lot of the later (and better) multi-sync monitors did not cater for the older technologies prior to VGA. This meant their lowest horizontal frequency range started at the VGA standard 31 kHz and went up to whatever was needed to support the highest screen resolution at the time but were unable to run at anything lower than this VGA frequency.

Dot Pitch

The dot pitch (aka mask pitch) is akin to the term pitch used by fonts - the smaller the pitch the smaller the font. With analogue monitors, the dot pitch refers to the size or distance between each dot (pixel) on the screen. The lower the dot pitch, the closer each pixel is on the screen, and hence the sharper the image. In the 90s advertisements for monitors would often specify the dot pitch as a selling point - a monitor that had a 0.28" dot pitch was decent, while one with 0.31" was slightly poorer in image quality.

 

CRTs List

This is by no means exhaustive, but I have compiled an alphabetical list of a little over 200 CRT monitors below and whether or not they support horizontal frequencies lower than the standard 31 kHz of VGA. The 15 kHz-supported ones are in bold and the links open the user manual or quick start guide for that monitor.

It appears as though monitors from 1986 - 1996 were those that supported 15 kHz frequencies, with the sweet spot being 1987 - 1990 where the majority of support existed.

Make/Model Year Size Dot Pitch H-Range V-Range Max. Res Notes
Acer AcerView 76i 1994 17" 0.27 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Acorn AKF 18 1991 14" 0.39 15 - 38 kHz 47 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analog & Digital***
Addonics 172 GLR 1994 17" 0.28 31 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
ADI MicroScan 5EP 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Altima V-Scan 80 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 94 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1600 x 1280  
Amdek AM/817E 1994 17" 0.26 24 - 82 kHz 47 - 105 Hz 1600 x 1200  
AST ASTVision 7L 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Compaq QVision 172 1994 17" 0.26 31.5 - 82 kHz 50 - 110 Hz 1280 x 1024  
CTX 1765GM 1994 17" 0.27 30 - 65 kHz 50 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024  
CTX 1785GM 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 85 kHz 50 - 100 Hz 1600 x 1280  
CTX 5468 MultiMode VGA
CTX 5468NI MultiMode VGA
1991 13" 0.28 28 - 38 kHz 56 - 87 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
ETC ViewMagic CA-1765SPL 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 65 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Goldstar Model 1725 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 65 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Hyundai DeluxScan 17 Pro 1995 17" 0.26 30 - 82 kHz 45 - 100 Hz 1600 x 1280  
Hyundai HL-7682A 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 82 kHz 45 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024  
IBM 17P 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 82 kHz 50 - 110 Hz 1600 x 1280  
Iiyama VisionMaster MF-8617 / MF-8617E 1994 17" 0.26 27 - 86 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1280 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 17 (MT-9017E) 1997 17" 0.26 27 - 86 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster 400 (S-701GT) ? 17" 0.26 27 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster 1451 ? 19" 0.26 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 400 (A-701GT) ? 17" 0.25 27 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 410              
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 450 1999 19" 0.25 30 - 112 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 511 (MA101D) ? 21" 0.25 30 - 110 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Iiyama VisionMaster Pro 511 (MA201D) ? 22" 0.25 30 - 110 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Magnavox CM2099 1994 14" 0.28 30 - 48 kHz ? 1024 x 768  
Magnavox CM4015 1994 15" 0.28 30 - 66 kHz ? 1280 x 1024  
Magnavox CM4017 1994 17" 0.31 30 - 58 kHz ? 1024 x 768  
Magnavox 20CM64 1994 20" 0.31 30 - 64 kHz ? 1280 x 1024  
Microvitec 1438 / 1438S**** 1995 13" ? 15 - 40 kHz 50 - 100 Hz ? ?
Microvitec Autosync 1014/SP 1988 14" 0.31 ? ? ? Analogue & Digital
Mitsubishi Diamond Plus 73 2001? 17"   31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Plus 91 1999? 19" 0.25 - 0.27 31 - 96 kHz 50 - 140 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Plus 92 1999? 19" 0.25 - 0.27 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Plus 93SB ? 19" 0.25 - 0.27 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1792 x 1344 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 17TX 1995 17" 0.25 30 - 86 kHz 50 - 152 Hz 1600 x 1200  
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 21TX 1996 21" ? 30 - 93 kHz 50 - 152 Hz 1600 x 1200  
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 750SB ? 19" 0.25 - 0.27 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1792 x 1344 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 900U 1998 19" 0.25 - 0.27 30 - 95 kHz 50 - 152 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 920 2000 19" 0.24 30 - 108 kHz 50 - 140 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 930SB   19" ? ? ? ? Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 2040u 1999 20" 0.24 30 - 121 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 2060u 2000 20" 0.24 30 - 121 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan (AUM1371A) 1987 13" 0.31 15.6 - 35 kHz 45 - 75 Hz 800 x 600  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 14 (AUM1381A) 1988 13" 0.31 15.6 - 36 kHz 45 - 90 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 15HX 1996 15" ? 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 15VX 1996 15" ? 30 - 65 kHz 55 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 16L (HL6605ATK) 1991 16" 0.31 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue (BNC only)
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 17HX 1996 17"   30 - 82 kHz 50 - 130 Hz 1600 x 1200  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 17FS 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 78 kHz 50 - 130 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 20C (HC3905ATK) 1990 20" ? ? ? 1120 x 780 Analogue & Digital
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 20H 1996 20"   30 - 82 kHz 50 - 152 Hz 1600 x 1200  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 20L (HL6905) 1991 20" 0.31 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 20LP 1996 20" ? 15 - 38 kHz 45 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 20M 1996 20" ? 15 - 38 kHz 45 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 50 / 50M 1999 15" 0.28 ? ? 1280 x 1024  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 70 / 70M 1999 17" 0.28 ? ? 1280 x 1024  
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan 90E 1999 19" 0.25 30 - 95 kHz 50 - 152 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue (VGA and BNC)
Nanao FlexScan 9060S 1990 14" ? ? ? 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Nanao FlexScan F2-17EX 1995 17" 0.26 30 - 86 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200  
Nanao FlexScan F550iW 1994 17" 0.28 27 - 65 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Nanao FlexScan F560iW 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 82 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
NEC Multisync (JC-1401P3A) 1986 14" 0.31 15.75 - 35 kHz 50 - 60 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
NEC Multisync II (JC-1402HMA)* 1986 13" 0.31 ? - 35 kHz ? 800 x 600 Analogue**
NEC Multisync II (JC-1402HME/EE/ED/N/R)* 1986 13" 0.31 15.5 - 35 kHz 50 - 80Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
NEC Multisync Plus (JC-1501VMA) 1988 15" 0.31 21.8 - 45 kHz 56 - 80 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue** & Digital
NEC Multisync 2A (JC-1403HMA) 1990 14" 0.31 31.5 - 35 kHz 56 - 60 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 2V (Value range) 1994 14" ? ? ? 1024 x 768  
NEC Multisync 3D (JC-1404HMA) 1990 14 0.28 15.5 - 38 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue & Digital
NEC Multisync 3V (JC-1535VM) 1994 15" 0.28 31 - 50 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 4D (JC-1601VME) 1989 16" 0.28 30 - 57 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 50 1999 15" 0.28 31 - 69 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 55 1999 15" 0.28 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 5D 1989 20" ? ? ? 1280 x 1024  
NEC Multisync 3FGe (JC-1532VMA)   14" 0.28 31 - 38.5 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 4FG (JC-1531VMA) 1992 15" 0.28 27 - 57 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 4FGe (JC-1531) 1992 15" 0.28 27 - 62 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 5FG (JC-1741 / JC-1742) 1992 17" 0.28 27 - 79 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 5FGe 1994 17" 0.28 31 - 62 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 5FGp 1994 17" 0.28 27 - 79 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 6FG (JC-2141UMA) 1992 21" 0.28 27 - 79 kHz 55 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 70 1999 17" 0.28 31 - 69 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 75 1999 17" 0.27 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 75F 2000 17" 0.25 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 77F 2001 17" 0.24 - 0.28 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 90 1999 19" 0.26 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 95 1999 19" 0.26 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 95F 2000 19" 0.25 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 97F 2001 19" 0.24 - 0.28 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync 125 2001 21" 0.25 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 200 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync A500 ? 15" 0.28 31 - 65 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync A500+ (JC-1576VMB) ? 15" 0.28 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync A700 ? 17" 0.28 31 - 69 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync A700+ ? 17" 0.28 31 - 70 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync A900 1998 19" 0.28 31 - 92 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC C550 1997 15" 0.27 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC C700 1997 17" 0.27 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC C900 1997 19" 0.26 30 - 95 kHz 50 - 150 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E500 1998 15" 0.25 31 - 69 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E750 1998 17" 0.25 31 - 92 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E900 (JC-1941UMA) 1998 19" 0.28 31 - 92 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E950 1998 19" 0.25 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E900+ 1998 19" 0.26 ? ? 1600 x 1200  
NEC Multisync E1100 1998 21" 0.82 31 - 82 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync E1100+ 1998 21" 0.28 31 - 96 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync FE700 / FE700M 1999 17" 0.25 ? ? 1280 x 1024  
NEC Multisync FE750 1999 17" 0.25 ? ? 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync FE950 (JC-1946) 1999 19" 0.25 - 0.27 31 - 110 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1920 x 1440 Analogue only
NEC Multisync FE1250 1999 22" 0.25 - 0.27 ? ? 1920 x 1440 Analogue only
NEC Multisync FE1350 (JC-2241) 1999 22" 0.25 - 0.27 31 - 115 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1920 x 1440 Analogue only
NEC Multisync P750 (JC-1744UMA) ? 17" 0.25 31 - 94 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync P1150 (JC-2145UMA) ? 21" 0.28 31 - 94 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
NEC Multisync XL 1986 20" 0.31 21.8 - 50 kHz 50 - 80 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue & Digital
NEC Multisync XE17 / XP17 1995 17" 0.28 31 - 82 kHz 55 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 ?
NEC Multisync XV14 1995 14" ? ? - 70 Hz 1024 x 768  
NEC Multisync XV15 1995 15" ? ? - 76 Hz 1280 x 1024  
NEC Multisync XV15+ (JC-1571VMA) 1996 15" 0.25 31 - 65 kHz 55 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
NEC Multisync XV17 1995 17" ? ? - 76 Hz 1280 x 1024  
NEC Multisync XV17+ 1996 17" 0.28 31 - 82 kHz 55 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Optiquest 4000TC 1994 17" 0.25 24 - 64 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Packard Bell PB8517SVGM 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Panasonic PanaSync C1391 1990 13" ? ? ? 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Panasonic PanaSync C1791E 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024  
Philips Brilliance 1720 1994 17" 0.27 30 - 82 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1280  
Princeton Max-15 1989 14" ? 15 - 36 kHz 45 - 120 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue & Digital
Princeton Ultrasync 1988 12" 0.28 15 - 35 kHz 45 - 120 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Princeton Ultra 14 1990 14" 0.28 15 - 36 kHz 45 - 120 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Relisys RE5155 1988 14" 0.31 15 - 36 kHz ? 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Samsung SyncMaster (CT4581) 1989 14" 0.31 15 - 38 kHz 47 - 73 Hz 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Samsung SyncMaster 2 (CVB4581) 1990 14" 0.31 31.5 kHz - 56 - 86 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 2 (CVM4963) 1991 14" 0.39 31.5 kHz - 56 - 87 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 2 (CVM4963T) 1993 14" 0.39 31.5 kHz - 56 - 87 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 3 (CVB4587) 1990 14" 0.28 35.5 kHz - 56 - 86 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 3 (CVM4967) 1991 14" 0.28 35.5 kHz - 56 - 87 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 3 (CVM4967T) 1993 14" 0.28 31.5 kHz - 56 - 87 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 3N (CSJ4927A) 1992 14" 0.28 30 - 59 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 4 (CSA7571) 1990 17" 0.31 20 - 50 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue & Digital
Samsung SyncMaster 4 plus (CCB7571) 1992 17" 0.31 30 - 65 kHz 45 - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung 5e (CKA5227L) 1992 15" 0.28 30 - 55 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung 7e (CKA7227L) 1992 15" 0.28 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 17GL 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 65 kHz 50 - 100 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 17GLs 1994 17" 0.26 30 - 82 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 17GLsi 1995 17" 0.26 30 - 85 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 400b (CKA4217L) 1998 14" 0.28 30 - 55 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 500b (CGB5607L) 1997 15" 0.28 30 - 69 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 500p (CGC5607T) 1997 15" 0.28 30 - 69 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 500s (CGK5507M) 1997 15" 0.28 30 - 54 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 551s/551V 2001 15" 0.24 30 - 55 kHz 50 - 120 Hz ? Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 700b (CGM7607L) 1997 17" 0.28 30 - 69 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 700p (CGH7609T) 1997 17" 0.26 30 - 85 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 700p Plus (CSH7839T) 1998 17" 0.26 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 700s (CGE7507M) 1997 17" 0.28 30 - 69 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 700NF 1999 17" 0.25 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 753DF/753DFX 1999 17" 0.20 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 755DF/755DFX 1999 17" 0.20 30 - 85 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 757MB 2003 17" 0.20 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 900NF 1999 19" 0.25 30 - 110 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 900p (CSH9839T) 1998 19" 0.26 30 - 96 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Samsung SyncMaster 1000P (CGX1609T) 1997 21" 0.25 30 - 107 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Seiko CM-1440 1990 14" ? 31 - 40 kHz ? 1024 x 768i  
Seiko CM-1450 ? 14" ? ? ? 1024 x 768  
Seiko CM-2050 ? 20" ? ? ? 1024 x 768  
Sony Multiscan 17se 1994 16" 0.26 32 - 82 kHz 50 - 150 Hz 1600 x 1280 Analogue (BNC only)
Sony Multiscan 17sf 1995 17" 0.25 ? - 76 Hz 1024 x 768 ?
Sony Multiscan CPD-200ES 1997 17" 0.25 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Sony Multiscan CPD-1302 1987 13" 0.26 15 - ? kHz ? 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
Sony Multiscan E100 2000 15" 0.24 - 0.25 30 - 70 kHz 48 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
Sony Multiscan E200 2000 17" 0.24 - 0.25 30 - 85 kHz 48 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
Sony Multiscan G400 2000 19" 0.24 - 0.25 30 - 107 kHz 48 - 120 Hz 1800 x 1440 Analogue only
Tatung Omniscan CM17MKR 1994 17" 0.28 28 - 82 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1600 x 1280  
Taxan Multivision 770 Plus 1988 13" 0.31 15 - ? kHz ? 800 x 600 Analogue & Digital
ViewSonic 17 1994 17" 0.27 30 - 82 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1280 ?
ViewSonic 17G 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 ?
ViewSonic 17E 1994 17" 0.28 30 - 64 kHz - 90 Hz 1280 x 1024 ?
ViewSonic 17PS 1995 17" 0.25 30 - 82 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1280  
ViewSonic 17PS2 1995 17" 0.25 30 - 86 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024  
VIewSonic A70 ? 17" 0.26 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
VIewSonic A70f ? 17" 0.25 30 - 72 kHz 50 - 150 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
VIewSonic A71f 2004 17" 0.25 30 - 72 kHz 50 - 150 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
VIewSonic A75f ? 17" 0.25 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
ViewSonic A110   21" 0.22 30 - 97 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
ViewSonic E40 1999 14" 0.28 30 - 50 kHz 50 - 90 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
ViewSonic E50cB / E50cSB ? 15" 0.28 30 - 54 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1024 x 768 Analogue only
ViewSonic E92f+ / E92f+SB 2004 19" 0.25 30 - 97 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
ViewSonic E95f+SB 2004 ? ? ? ? ? Analogue only
ViewSonic E771 1999 17" 0.27 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 120 Hz 1280 x 1024 Analogue only
ViewSonic G90f / G90fB ? 19" 0.25 30 - 97 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
ViewSonic G225f / G225fB / G225fSB 2005 21" 0.25 30 - 130 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1920 x 1440 Analogue only
ViewSonic P810   21" 0.25 30 - 95 kHz 50 - 180 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only
ViewSonic Optiquest Q51 / Q51b 2002? 15" 0.28 30 - 54 kHz 50 - 120 Hz ? Analogue only
ViewSonic Optiquest Q71 / Q71b 2002? 17" 0.27 30 - 70 kHz 50 - 160 Hz ? Analogue only
ViewSonic Optiquest Q95 / Q95b 2002 19" 0.25 30 - 86 kHz 50 - 160 Hz 1600 x 1200 Analogue only

*Note that the Multisync II 'A' is *not* compatible with 15 kHz but the 'E' is.
** Analogue at monitor end, with dual 9-pin/15-pin connectors at PC end.
*** 15-pin cable from monitor requires a 9-to-15-pin adapter if your PC uses a 9-pin output.

**** Also branded Amiga 1438 or 1438S as it was sold bundled with the Amiga 4000 Tower and later Escom Amiga 1200.